Negative energy balance and metabolic stress in relation to oocyte and embryo quality: an update on possible pathways reducing fertility in dairy cows

Résumé

Dairy cow fertility is clearly affected by the health status of the cow. Research in the field clearly described the association between metabolic health during the transition period and the chances of becoming pregnant shortly after the end of the voluntary waiting period. While “being fertile” is the result of a complex interaction between animal physiology and herd management conditions, it is important to also focus on the in depth pathways explaining the often seen disappointing reproductive outcomes in many herd. Here, we provide an overview on recent discoveries about the importance of optimal oocyte quality and how the oocyte may sense and suffer from metabolic adaptations in its micro-environment. We explain how these basic insights may form the key for designing sustainable solutions.